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ViewsUnderstanding Family History and Risk Assessment
What is the first thing you think of when you hear the phrase “it runs in the family” in the healthcare industry? If your answer had something to do with genetics, then you might be onto something. More than an excuse for justifying some of our least desirable behaviors and habits, family genetics play a vital role in some of the outcomes of our lives. These outcomes include whether we get sick from exposure to certain substances, whether we’re more prone to pick up nasty habits, or the amount of weight we put on by eating junk food.
As it turns out, our DNA, the genetic blueprint for our bodies, plays an even more significant role than we realized. As research in the field of the human genome expands, we discover even more ways our double-helix overseers affect our development, way beyond what our lifestyle choices ever could. Sure, working out regularly is a great way to stay active, strengthen both your body and immune system, and establish social relationships, but if it’s meant to be (rather, if your DNA wills it), you’re probably going to catch that disease or develop that beer belly later on.
Due to its irrefutable role in our development, it is essential that we always keep in mind the patient’s genetic history to properly conduct a risk assessment for any potential diseases or conditions that he or she is viable to develop later on in their lives.
Genetics in Disease Incidence
When it comes to most diseases (except for congenital conditions), they are caused by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. This is because our genome is full of oddities and other factors that distinguish them from that of our peers or other family members. When you combine certain genetic combinations with specific environmental triggers, a disease may develop in some patients, whereas others will remain unaffected.
Some examples of environmental factors that could lead to disease in most individuals—but not all, thanks to genetics—are dieting, smoking, exercise habits, and exposure to certain chemicals. Furthermore, some diseases that may manifest, regardless of the person’s habits, are heart disease and asthma, again, due to genetics. Nevertheless, the erratic nature of the human genome makes it difficult to predict patterns of inheritance and determine, without a doubt, the family members that will develop one of these diseases.
Despite its unpredictable nature, genetic history is still a crucial tool that helps doctors and physicians around the world gauge the probability of a patient becoming ill or to help them establish a diagnosis that was unknown before delving into his or her family history. In addition, a skilled geneticist can use the information obtained from the patient to trace the inheritance pattern that could shed light on their current condition. By analyzing the present symptoms, and contrasting the patient’s history with his or her family—especially with his closest relatives like parents, children, and siblings—they can understand the probability of them suffering from several illnesses.
This method of diagnosis shows that it is vital to take a detailed and thorough family history of the patient, especially when a diagnosis has yet to be reached and the patient is seeking assistance for an unknown ailment. This family history can help the physician determine whether a referral to another specialist is necessary, especially in certain types of cancer that increase in incidence if the patient has a close relative that has suffered from it.
In many cases, certain diseases may manifest in odd or conflicting ways. In these situations, they may not seemingly follow the pattern of inheritance traced by a geneticist. Nevertheless, before giving false reassurance to the patient, it is important to keep exploring, as their genome often holds the answer to their disease inheritance pattern. In these cases, a healthy curiosity can go a long way for disease prevention, as those who concern themselves with their well-being far before developing any diseases are those who frequently pick up on illnesses in their early stages and survive to tell the tale. In these cases of cancer, it is vital that both male and females take an active role in the early detection of their condition, should they have any close relatives that suffered from it. Men, in particular, are reluctant to have cancer testing, especially in the case of breast cancer since they frequently—and mistakenly—believe that this disease cannot affect them.
If you or any family members are concerned that you may be at risk of becoming ill, it will help to consult with your doctor to see if they can refer you to any geneticists. These specialists can help you trace your disease inheritance pattern and shed light on the conditions that can potentially affect you.
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Understanding Family History and Risk Assessment
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Family history can play an important role in a patient’s diagnosis. It is vital to take a detailed and thorough family history of the patient, especially when a diagnosis has yet to be reached and the patient is seeking assistance for an unknown ailment.
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