The Selflessness of Sacrifice

By Ava Sammarco

In the midst of a viral battle whose initial origin was unknown, the nurse and nurse assistant stood bravely at the bedside of patients diagnosed with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Gasps for breaths heard in hallways as nurses rushed to provide oxygen and assist healthcare providers and respiratory therapists with intubation. As cytokine storms flooded patients’ bodies with an inflammatory process impacting clotting factors, cardiac function, respiratory, and other bodily systems, nurses documented and reported condition changes to the healthcare team.

Nurses and nurse assistants were the last faces that patients saw in the morning, evening, and night, as families could not visit healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Holding hands, praying with patients, and providing updates from the outside world, nurses took time out of their 10 and 12-hour shifts to hold cell phones and laptops to facilitate face-time with patients and their family members. At the end of the workday with facial bruising related to pressure areas from face masks, face shields, and respirators, nurses washed their faces. With rashes and small open areas on the skin from pressure injuries and perspiring under the personal protective equipment facial coverings, nurses and nurse assistants tended to their own wounds. Tears in silence as the emotionally fatigued nurse recalled multiple deaths from COVID-19.

The selflessness of sacrifice has been met with self-imposed silence, as nurses and nurse assistants gradually begin to process their pandemic-related trauma. Trauma includes not only the deaths of patients from COVID-19 but fellow healthcare colleagues as well. And trauma sustained by the exposure to a contagion that was unknown, while families were left at home to wonder, hope, and pray for the safety of their nurses and nurse assistants working within healthcare facilities.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is classified by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5 TM) as being a trauma-and stressor-related disorder; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 309.81 (F43.10) with criteria applying to children over age six years, adolescents, and adults. The corresponding criteria for PTSD include:

  1. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
  1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
  2. Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others. 
  3. Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
  4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s) (e.g., first responders collecting human remains; police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse). (DSM-5 TM, 2013)

In your selflessness and sacrifice nurses and nurse assistants, it is now time to give permission for others to care for your emotional, physical, and spiritual needs. Symptomatology associated with PTSD should be diagnosed and treated. As the United States emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, self-care is vital to healthcare workers’ mental health and sustainability in the profession. 

References:

Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5 TM). (2013). Posttraumatic Stress

Disorder 309.81 (F43.10).  Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 


Bio‐ Cheryl Green, PhD, DNP, RN, LCSW, CNL, CNE, ACUE, MAC, FAPA

Cheryl Green, PhD, DNP, RN, LCSW, CNL, CNE, ACUE, MAC, FAPA is an Associate Professor at Southern Connecticut State University within the Department of Nursing and an Off-Shift Nurse Leader at Yale-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut. 

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The Selflessness of Sacrifice

In the midst of a viral battle whose initial origin was unknown, the nurse and nurse assistant stood bravely at the bedside of patients diagnosed with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).

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